Key features of the J-1 visa include:

Exchange visitor programs: The J-1 visa program facilitates cultural exchange and mutual understanding between the United States and other countries by allowing foreign nationals to participate in designated exchange visitor programs. These programs are sponsored by accredited organizations, educational institutions, government agencies, or private sector entities authorized by the U.S. Department of State to administer J-1 exchange programs.
Eligibility criteria: Individuals eligible for the J-1 visa program include students, scholars, researchers, professors, teachers, interns, trainees, and participants in specialized exchange programs, such as au pairs, camp counselors, and summer work travel programs. Each exchange visitor program has specific eligibility requirements and program objectives, which may vary depending on the nature and focus of the program.
Duration of stay: The duration of stay on a J-1 visa varies depending on the specific exchange visitor program. Participants may be authorized to stay in the United States for the duration of their program, which can range from a few weeks to several years. Exchange visitor programs may also include opportunities for participants to travel, study, conduct research, or engage in professional development activities during their stay.
Sponsorship and oversight: J-1 visa sponsors play a crucial role in administering exchange visitor programs and providing support and oversight to participants throughout their stay in the United States. Sponsors are responsible for vetting participants, issuing Form DS-2019 (Certificate of Eligibility for Exchange Visitor Status), facilitating program activities, monitoring compliance with program requirements, and ensuring the well-being of participants.
Two-year home-country residency requirement: Some J-1 visa participants may be subject to a two-year home-country residency requirement, also known as the foreign residence requirement. This requirement obligates participants to return to their home country for a period of two years upon completion of their J-1 program before they are eligible to apply for certain U.S. visas, permanent residency, or changes of status in the United States.